RED-S: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a condition that occurs when there is an inadequate energy intake to support the energy demands of physical activity and training in athletes. It is a broader concept that encompasses the previously known condition called the Female Athlete Triad, which focused on the interrelationship between energy availability, menstrual function, and bone health in female athletes.
RED-S can affect both male and female athletes and extends beyond the triad to include a wider range of physiological systems. It can have significant negative effects on overall health, performance, and long-term well-being. The condition often occurs due to a combination of factors, including low energy intake, increased energy expenditure from training, and potentially other stressors such as psychological stress and inadequate rest.
Symptoms of RED-S can vary depending on the individual but may include:
Menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea (missing menstrual cycle)
Low bone density and increased risk of stress fractures
Impaired immune function
Hormonal imbalances
Decreased muscle strength and endurance
Fatigue
Poor recovery
Decreased performance
Treatment for RED-S involves a multidisciplinary approach. It includes increasing energy intake to meet the demands of training, optimising nutrient intake to support overall health and recovery, monitoring and addressing any underlying psychological stressors, modifying training load and intensity if necessary, and working closely with a team of healthcare professionals.
Prevention of RED-S involves promoting a balanced approach to training, emphasising adequate nutrition (including carbohydrates, protein and fats, as well as micronutrients) and energy intake, and monitoring for early signs and symptoms. It is essential for athletes, coaches, and healthcare providers to be aware of RED-S and its potential consequences to ensure the well-being and optimal performance of athletes.
Overall, RED-S is a complex condition that highlights the importance of adequate energy availability and its impact on various physiological systems in athletes. If this sounds like something you are struggling with, I can help you address energy deficits and promote a holistic approach to health and training to optimise your performance and long-term well-being.
Disclaimer: This information is not intended to diagnose or treat your health condition/s. If you experience these symptoms, please get in touch here so I can work with you to support your health.
